Medicinal Plants and Biennale 2013

Salvia africana lutea

For our course work, in addition to basic plant information we have to research the various uses of plants, including their medicinal uses.  I've found the following references very helpful sources of information:

Trees of Southern Africa Palgrave
Making the Most of Indigenous Trees Venter (ok, we focus quite heavily on trees!)
Creative Gardening with Indigenous Plants Jaffa
plantzafrica.com - the information includes photos, a wide range of plants and further references.
Muthi and Myths Van Wyk and Dugmore
Zulu Botanical Knowledge: An Introduction Ngwenya et al.    

Back in 2010 when the theme for the Biennale was announced, Phakamani Xaba, of Kirstenbosch Gardens, very kindly collated the following lists for BAASA members, so I am republishing them as an additional references.  I am sure there are many more useful sources such as the Veld and Flora magazine.

Enjoy your painting.
Best wishes,
Jennifer

REFERENCES

Fox, F.W. & Norwood Young, M.E. 1982. Foodfrom the Veld: Edible Wild Plants

of Southern Africa. Delta Books, Johannesburg & Cape Town.

Hutchings, A, Scott, A.H., Lewis, G. & Cunningham, A.B. 1996. Zulu MedicinaJ

Plants: An Inventory. University of Natal Press. Pietermaritzburg.

Van Wyk, B-E. & Gericke, N. 2000. People's Plants - A Guide to Useful Plants of

Southern Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria.

Van Wyk, B-E, Van Oudtshoom, B. & Gericke N. 1997. Medicinal Plants Of South

Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria.

Pooley, E. 1993. The Complete Field Guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand & Transkei.

Natal Flora Publications Trust, Durban.

Pooley, E. 1998. A Field Guide to Wild Flowers KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Region.

Natal Flora Publications Trust, Durban.

Scott-Shaw, R. 1999. Rare and Threatened

Neighbouring Regions. KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.

Quin, PJ. 1959. Food and Feeding Habits of the Pedi. Witwatersrand University

Press, Johannesburg.

Watt, J.M. & Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of

Southern and Eastern Africa. (second edition), Livingstone, London.

Watt, J.M. & Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. (second edition), Livingstone, London.

Schewegler, M. 2003. Medicinal and other uses of southern Overberg fynbos Plants. Matthia Schewegler publications, Durban.

Fox, F.W. & Norwood Young, M.E. 1982. Food from the Veld: Edible Wild Plants

of Southern Africa. Delta Books, Johannesburg & Cape Town.

Hutchings, A, Scott, A.H., Lewis, G. & Cunningham, A.B. 1996. Zulu Medicinal

Plants: An Inventory. University of Natal Press. Pietermaritzburg.

Van Wyk, B-E. & Gericke, N. 2000. People's Plants - A Guide to Useful Plants of

Southern Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria.

Van Wyk, B-E, Van Oudtshoom, B. & Gericke N. 1997. Medicinal Plants Of South

Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria.

Pooley, E. 1993. The Complete Field Guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand & Transkei.

Natal Flora Publications Trust, Durban.

Pooley, E. 1998.  A Field Guide to Wild Flowers KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Region.

Natal Flora Publications Trust, Durban.

Roberts, M. 1990. Indigenous Healing Plants. Southern Book Publishers, Halfway House, Johannesburg.

Arnold, T.H. Prentice, C.A. Hawker, L. C. Snyman, E.E. Tomalin, M. Crouch, N.R. and Pottas-Bircher, C. 2002. Medicinal and magical plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. National Botanical Institute, Strelitzia 13, Pretoria.

Goldblatt, P. Manning J.2002. Cape Plants. “ A conspectus of the cape flora of South Africa”. MBG Press, Missouri Botanical Garden & National Botanical Institute, Strelitzia 9, Pretoria

Dold, A and Cocks, M. 2012 Voices from the Forest. Jacana Media, Johannesburg

In addition, we quote the following extract from:

Scott-Shaw, R. 1999. Rare and Threatened Plants of KwaZulu-Natal and Neighbouring Regions. KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service, Pietermaritzburg.

A significant number of these plants are also in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants

THREATENED PLANTS IN TRADITIONAL USE

Species are used for medicinal purposes unless indicated otherwise. Parts harvested are indicated. Only species that are widely used have been selected. Most of the plants in greatest demand in the medicinal plant trade are in this list. In most cases a root is a rhizome. The following three references have been consulted: Bryant (1970); Cunningham (1988); Hutchings (1996).

This book deals with threatened plants at a global and regional (provincial) scale. However these spatial scales are inadequate to accurately account for threats at a smaller scale of, for example, a rural district of only several thousand square kilometres. At the smaller scale many more species than those listed below, are threatened. Local extinctions of such species are common. Examples of these are given at the end of the list.

CRITICALLY ENDANGERED

Encephalartos cerinus - stem

ENDANGERED

Diaphananthe millarii - whole plant

Encephalartos aemulans - stem

Encephalartos msinganus - stem

Siphonochilus aethiopicus - root

Warburgia salutaris - bark

VULNERABLE

Albizia suluensis - bark

Ansellia africana - whole plant

Begonia homonym a - stem

Bowiea volubilis - bulb

Brachystelma pulchellum - root

Craterostigma nanum - whole plant

Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi - stem

Encephalartos ghellinckii - stem

Encephalartos lebomboensis - stem

Encephalartos ngoyanus - stem

Encephalartos senticosus - stem

Eriosema populifolium - root

Eucomus autumnalis - bulb

Euphorbia bupleurifolia - whole plant

Euphorbia franksiae - whole plant

Euphorbia woodii - whole plant

Gasteria croucheri - whole plant

Haworthia limifolia - whole plant

Huernia hystrix - whole plant

Hydrostachys polymorpha

Monsonia natalensis - root

Ocotea bullata - bark

Orbea speciosa - whole plant Orbea woodii - whole plant

Raphia austral is - leaves (structural)

Scilla natalensis - bulb

DATA DEFICIENT

Aloe coo peri subsp. pulchra - whole plant

Polystachya zuluensis - whole plant

LOWER RISK (CONSERVATION DEPENDENT
Alberta magna - bark

Curtisia dentata - bark

Encephalartos ferox - stem

Encephalartos natalensis - stem

Mondia whitei - root

Myrothamnus flabellifolius - whole plant

Prunus africana - bark

Sandersonia aurantiaca - bulb

Stangeria eriopus - root

LOWER RISK

Acalypha angustata - root

Alepidea amatymbica - root

Aloe aristata - whole plant

Ceropegia woodii - root

Clivi a miniata - rhizome

Crinum moorei - bulb

Cryptocarya myrtifolia - bark

Cyathea dregei - leaves and stem

Oioscorea sylvatica - stem (caudex)

Faurea macnaughtonii - bark

Gasteria batesiana - whole plant

Hoffmanseggia saund ersonii - root

Peucedanum thodei - rhizome, leaves and stem

Synaptolepis kirkii - root

Vitellariopsis dispar - bark

LOCAL SCALE EXTINCTIONS

Acokanthera oppositifolia - root

Adenia gummifera - stem

Albuca fastigiata - bulb

Aloe linearifolia - whole plant

Bulbine latifolia - whole plant

Clivia nobilis - rhizome

Crocosmia paniculata - corm

Dioscorea dregeana - tuber

Orimia robusta - bulb

Eriospermum mackenii - tuber

Eulophia petersii - bulb

Gloriosa superba - bulb

Helichrysum odoratissimum - whole plant

Hypoxis hemerocallidea - tuber

Justicia capensis - whole plant

Knipofia spp. - rhizome

Knowltonia bracteata - whole plant

Mystacidium capense - whole plant

Ornithogalum longibracteatum - bulb

Peucedanum caffrum - root

Pimpinella caffra - root

Plectranthus grallatus - whole plant

Polystachya ottoniana - whole plant

Sarcophyte sanguinea - whole plant

Schizobasis intricata - bulb

Schlechterina mitrostemmatoides - root

Secamone gerrardii - root

Stapelia gigantea - whole plant

Tridactyle bicaudata - whole plant

Tulbaghia ludwigiana - bulb

Turbina oblongata - tuber

Urginea altissima - bulb

Urginea delagoensis - bulb